Knowledge and attitude of physicians towards penicillin use

The aim of this work was to study the knowledge and attitude of physicians towards the use of penicillin to encourage its use in the treatment of infection. Physicians who accepted the penicillin use were 262, the i.m. route was preferred by 222 and crystalline penicillin was preferred by 116. Penicillin was considered to be effective by 230 and other antibiotics were used to treat tonsillitis by 227

Assessment of the nutritional status in children with tuberculosis as a guide for successful treatment

This work was intended to study the nutritional status of tuberculous patients to form a strategy for intervention. It was carried out on 71 infants and children. Pulmonary TB occurred in 51 cases and cervical TB lymphadenitis in 16 cases. There were 63.3% cases with normal nutrition, 32.5% stunted cases, 2.8% wasted cases and 1.4% wasted and stunted cases. There were 44 BCG-vaccinated cases and 27 non-vaccinated ones. Tuberculin test was positive in all cases. It was concluded that malnutrition, especially stunting, was so common among TB children, especially in females

Evaluation of clinical and radiological signs in diagnosis of pneumonia in the first five years of life

The objective of the present study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of symptoms, signs and radiological picture commonly encountered with ARI in the diagnosis of pneumonia. The total outpatients were 9512; the number of children under five years old was 5334, ARI cases were 2614, pneumonia cases were 484 and cases with no pneumonia were 2130. Cases of ARI and pneumonia showed winter time predominance. Respiratory symptoms [Nahagan and Yecot] were the most sensitive symptoms. Respiratory signs as distress, grunting cyanosis, retraction and decreased breath sounds were very specific [100%]. Fever was 91% specific. Oxygen saturation and leucocytic count were neither specific nor sensitive. Chest x-ray was 87% specific, but only 67.2% sensitive. S. Pneumonia and H. influenzae were the common organisms in culture positive cases

Prevalence of protein energy malnutrition at dekernis in dakahlia governorate

The present work was a cross-sectional study of children under five years of age. All children were subjected to anthropometric measures [weight, length, height, mid arm and head circumference] to separate those who are wasted, stunted or wasted and stunted from normal children, according to Waterlow classification, using NCHS percentile. The total number of children was 2450, the total cases of malnutrition were 100, wasted 48, stunted 27 as well as wasted and stunted 25. The predominant complaints were diarrhea, cough and failure to gain weight. Family size was more than five persons in 47%, the child was the first born in 22% of the cases, mother age was less than 20 years in 11% and she was illiterate in 69% of cases. Vaccination was incomplete in 14% of the cases and formula feeding was given to 55%, 63.6% out of them received diluted formula

Aetiology of bloody diarrhoea in infancy and preschool children

This study of bloody diarrhea was performed to elucidate the relative frequency of etiological pathogenes, the clinical and epidemiological profile of these cases. Stool samples were collected from all infants and preschool children up to 5-year old attending DDRRC suffering from bloody diarrhea without antibiotic therapy. All samples were subjected to laboratory tests. It was found that the number of cases positive for shigella or salmonella in bloody or watering diarrhea was low. Campylobacter positive cases were relatively high in bloody and watering diarrhea

Metabolic and clinical consequences with premixed rice based ORS acute diarrhea

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a rice-based ORS in children with acute diarrhea in comparison with a glucosed-based ORS [rehydralyte] solution. A randomized, parallel, non blinded efficacy study was conducted in 100 male children presented with the following inclusion criteria: Age 3-24 months, diarrhea <6 days, has clinical signs of mild, moderate or severe dehydration and parents had given verbal informed consent. The patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were stratified by method of feeding at the study entrance [58 breast feeders versus 42 formula feeders], then randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. In the breast fed group 28 children received rice ORS and 30 children received glucose ORS. In the formula fed group 20 children received rice ORS and 22 received glucose ORS. So, it was concluded that rice ORS is not superior to glucose ORS in treating acute non-cholera diarrhea and there is no reason to advise a change from glucose to pre-cooked rice in the recommended ORS formulation as such change would be very costly to implement and without additional advantage

Evaluation of an instant rice-based ORS on the outcome of acute diarrhoea in infants and toddlers from 4-24 months

This study was a controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of an instant rice-based ORS on the outcome of acute diarrhoea in infants and toddlers aged 4-24 months versus glucose-based ORS. The study was done in the Diarrhoeal Disease Research and Rehydration Centre at Bah-El-Sha'reya University Hospital. The experimental group [15 breast fed males, + 15 formula fed males] was given instant rice-based ORS and the control group [1S breast fed males + 15 formula fed males] recieved the standard WHO-10 formula of ORS. Weight gain was significantly more in the experimental group. The amount of ORS intake, stool output, and duration of diarrhoea in hours, were significantly higher in the control group. This was explained by enhancement of absorption of water and electrolytes more by rice-based ORS than by glucose-based ORS. Wide use of an instant rice-based ORS is recommended

Evaluation of the clinical and socioeconomic characteristics of diarrhoeal cases at Bab El-Sha'reya University Hospital

Evaluation of diarrhoeal cases attending Diarrhoeal Disease Research and Rehydration Centre DDRRC at Bab EL Sha'reya hospital is very important to know the characteristics of the patients and to plan for further research in the centre. We selected, 5% of patient by systematic random sample. A special sheet questionnaire aimed at collecting demographic socio-economic and clinical characteristics was done. Weight, length, tempera ture, respiratory rate, midarm circumference, vedenuisigns of dehydration, serum sodium and potassium were recorded. The number of cases was 101 [78 of them had mild or no dehydration, while 23 of cases had moderate dehydration. Age of most cases were below 1 year [54.5%]. Males were more than females [1.2:1]. Hot months attendance to cold months attendance was [2:1]. Moderately dehydrated cases were related to mothers educated for less than 6 years [82.6%]. Birth control measures were not practiced by 44.5% of the families. Bloody diarrhoea was observed in [12.9%] of cases. Cases that did not take ORS before coming to hospital were 71.3%. Cases that did not use any medication before coming to the centre were 56.4%. Breast feeding was not given to 54.6% of cases and they had a moderate degree of dehydration. Instruction must be given to mothers about the use of ORS and continuation of feeding during diarrhoea

Epidemiological and clinical aspects of childhood tuberculosis

This study was conducted on 50 tuberculous cases, 25 males and 25 females, were aged 2 months to 13 years old, from the attendants of the outpatient clinics of Bab El-Sha'reya and Suez chest hospitals. Family history was positive in 71.4% of cases, low socioeconomic standard and low standard of education were present in 98% of cases. Family with big, 4-10 members, living mostly in single room, with low income were present in 94% of cases. Undernutrition and malnutrition were present in 78% of cases. Family knowledge about the source of infection was deficient, 56%. Most parents [90%] were smokers of cigarette or goza. BCG vaccination is important for prevention. Pulmonary TB [56% of cases], is the most common type, and cough was present in 52% of cases. Tuberculin skin test is only a diagnostic aid

Risk factors for severe acute respiratory infection[ARI] in the first 5 years of life

The present work is a case control study comparing pneumonia and severe pneumonia cases, according to the WHO classification, with non-severe cases of ARI, i.e. acute upper respiratory infection and bronchitis as a control. The study was performed in the out-patient clinic and inpatient department of Bab El-Sha'reya University Hospital. In the outpatient clinic, a systematic random sample was collected from infants and children aged 0-5 years, suffering from ARl according to their presentation i.e. cough or difficult breathing these include 10 cases and 205 control. Cases of pneumonia and severe pneumonia 143 cases were collected from inpatient department. The results showed that the young age [< 6 months], wasting [ 2], visiting a private physician, and combined risk factors, were all risk factors for severe ARI. The highest sensitivity was house hold cigarette smoking [68%], while wasting and young mothers [< 20y], were associated with high specificity [99%]. Attention must be paid to any patient with ARI, having any of the risk factors

Health workers behaviour in management of severe acute respiratory infection[ARI] in the first 5 years of life

Health workers assessment study, was a descriptive study of the knowledge, skills, and practices of health workers in management of ARI. The study was done at Tema district in Sohag govemorate. During the study, 27 physician were interviewed 119 [70.4%] general part-owners, 5 [18. 5%] paediatrician, and 3 [11:1%] other specialties] together with 36 nurses, and 20 pharmacist. Physician knowledge were lacking WHO classification and management of ARI. Their practices lack history taking, not examine throat, depend on auscultation of the chest, and not appreciate the role of mothers. Their skills were poor in giving advice to mothers. Nurses were confused about their roles with poor knowledge, attitude and practices. Pharmacist managed 30% of cases, so they must he included in any training programme

Detection of reducing substances in stools among infants with acute diarrhoea treated by different types of oral rehydration solutions

This is a comperative study among infants with acute, diarrhoea an experimental group that received maltodextrin based ORS [17 cases] and a control group that received glucose based ORS [18 cases]. The patients of either group were chosen randomly using the double blind method. Each patient fulfilled the following criteria Age from 3-24 months males only duration of diarrhoea not more than 3 days the baby showed unequivocal signs of dehydration weight for height more than 70% of the median reference, fully weaned or milk formula fed infants and the mother agreed to stay in hospital. The patient was given the ORS by cup and spoon and followed up by the physician recording the body weight, stool output, amount of ORS intake, frequency of vomiting, amount of formula and the vital signs every three hours. The total reducing substances in gm/day after hydrolysis with 0.1 N. HCI, 24 hours from receiving ORS, were determined by clinitest reaction. Results demonstrated no statistically significant differences regarding outcome measure of clinical, biochemical and total reducing substances parameters between the experimental [Maltodextrin based [ORS] and control [glucose or standard ORS] groups. Also, the results showed that there is no relationship between the increased of total reducing substances in stools of the patients with acute diarrhea and using of any type of ORS either maltodextrin based ORS or glucose based ORS